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This paper answers five questions about a specific popular example in the study of behaviorism in the classroom: the "Marble Jar." The author discusses the pros and cons of using positive-reinforcement conditioning methods on students in order to get them to behave well. Also discussed is the contrast between the use of concrete rewards (ice cream, a field trip) for younger students and the use of abstract rewards (respect, the chance to get into a good college) for older students.
This paper discusses the learning theory of Robert Gagne known as Conditions of Learning, a theory which stipulates that there are several different types or levels of learning and that these classifications are such that each different type requires different types of instruction, and a theory which has been used in shaping curricula, including programmed instruction.
Pages: 3
Bibliography: 2 source(s) listed
Filename: 16460 learning theory instruction.doc
Price: US$26.85
52.16530 Educational Psychological Theories in Use
Educational psychology is one of the most important tools a future teacher can learn to utilize.
The performance of the expert teacher is quantitatively and qualitatively different from that of the mediocre or poor teacher. Research has shown that expert teachers possess a highly developed knowledge base. Expert teachers not only know that something is so, they know why it is so. Understanding the principles of educational psychology help the future teacher know why something is so. (Gee)
There are many different forms of non-traditional ? i.e. non-hierarchical ? teaching and learning. Perhaps the most important (and one that has certainly won wide-spread acceptance in many schools today) is constructivist teaching. Constructivism is based on the idea that learning is as natural to humans as breathing air. We can?t help doing it, especially when we are children. Our desire to find out how the world works is deeply programmed into our brains, encouraged over the generations by evolutionary selection. But while learning is natural, teaching is not and much of the goal of constructivism is an attempt to create the best possible match between the natural desire for children to learn (and their inherent skill at doing so) and the artificiality of the classroom environment. A key element of the creation of such a naturalist learning environment is the use of hands-on activities.
There are many different forms of non-traditional ? i.e. non-hierarchical ? teaching and learning. Perhaps the most important (and one that has certainly won wide-spread acceptance in many schools today) is constructivist teaching. Constructivism is based on the idea that learning is as natural to humans as breathing air. We can?t help doing it, especially when we are children. Our desire to find out how the world works is deeply programmed into our brains, encouraged over the generations by evolutionary selection. But while learning is natural, teaching is not and much of the goal of constructivism is an attempt to create the best possible match between the natural desire for children to learn (and their inherent skill at doing so) and the artificiality of the classroom environment. A key element of the creation of such a naturalist learning environment is the use of hands-on activities.
55.20981 Montessori Methodologies for Language Arts Instruction
This essay describes Montessori methods for reading and writing instruction. It examines ways to teach phonics, reading, writing, grammar, word study, and mechanics. It also provides a thorough description of the recommended ages for each phase of this instruction and the materials used. Montessori's philosophy is for grounded at all times. In addition, a description of the ways Montessori's methods and Routman's methods of whole language instruction impinge upon one another is included.
Pages: 2
Bibliography: 2 source(s) listed
Filename: 20981
Price: US$17.90
56.21341 Critique of California Achievement Test
This paper discusses the California achievement tests and whether it is reliable and valid. The paper begins by discussing the importance of achievement tests and how the school system uses them. The paper discusses the importance of achievement tests meeting the requirements of validity and reliability. The paper describes the California Achievement Tests.
